LO6 Exam Q

1. Discuss how far you agree with the regulatory guidlines on the product you have studied.
2. Discuss the potential media effects of a media product you have studied.

1: Within all media products released to the public domain they are acompanied by a certificate/ age rating given by regulatory bodies such as the British Board of Film classification, this certificate is based on the content seen within the product. The product i have studied is the 2014 action, adventure, comedy title; Kingsman: The Secret Service, due to the violent nature and use of language throughout the text it was governed to be suitable for ages 15 and older by the BBFC and therefore this product and the content will have likely been targeted for a younger target audiance during the production. In this essay i will show the points of regualtion and guidlines which have to be followed by production companies to ensure there product is suitable for the release to their target audiance and more specifically how this is evident within my chosen film.

https://yougov.co.uk/opi/browse/Kingsman_The_Secret_Service

Regulatory Bodies LO6- Legal and ethical

Regulatory Bodies LO6 - Legal and ethical

Legal - Regulation/ guidelines
Ethical - Social/ moral effects/ impact of media product.

Discuss the potential media effects on the audience of a media product you have studied.
Discuss the regulatory guidelines associated with a media product you have studied

'discuss' - two sides of argument/ debate

Regulatory bodies - Is a governing body that controls how something is done or made etc.
                                 A organisation/ group who checks the output of a media product.

It is important to regulate media products to ensure they follow laws and are appropriate for the audience to avoid prosecution and the product possibly being banned

Regulatory Bodies- OFCOM, ASA, BBFC.

OFCOM - Office of communications
ASA - Advertising standards authority
BBFC - British board of film classification
PEGI - Pan European games information
PRS
W3C
IPSO

Impact of content on younger audiances - effects, offence

Passive audience -
Hypodermic syringe (Adorno and Horkheimer)

Uses and gratifications (McQuail, 1972) Surveillance, personal identity, escapism,
Negative stereotypes - 1975 laura mulvey, objectification and male gaze, Turton(2014) Asian and black boys as trouble causes.
Alverado (1987) - Ethnic minorities are pitted, humoured etc.

Chris Anderson - Repeated exposure violent media results in violence
Desensitisation - Becomes normal to audience
Copy cat acts - Collumbine high etc
Moral panic - Mass media demonise groups or people   (Stanley Cohen 1972     GTA-folk devil
Ferguson 2012 - showed no long term link of over three years.


Active audience -
Stuart hall - encoding/ decoding
Preferred reading - by audience depending on their background but accepts the dominant viewpoint/ story.
Negotiated reading - partially agrees with meaning
Oppositional reading - meaning understood but don't agree and think opposite.
Aberrant - gets the completely wrong meaning entirely.

Exam technique - 90% D*, 80%D, 70%M, 60%P
Intro

• Give your opinion to the answer to the question (debate)
• Tell the product + specific audiance + regulator
• Tell me how you are going to structure your essay

20 marks - 5 five clear ponits

• level 4  16-20
• level 3  11-15
• level 2  6-10
• level 1  1-5

LO3: Production Techniques

LO3: Production Techniques

Mise-en-scene
Lighting and colour - High/ low key
Character and acting gestures - links to meaning of representation (stock characters -prop 1978, objectified in media as part of male gaze - Mulvey 1975)
Location and iconography - when and where (show sub genre Barry kieth grant 1995)
Props - binary opposition
Costume - binary opposition. shows character or objectifies people

(Narrative thoery binary opposition -- Levis- straus 1958)

Costume in Kingsman

During the whole movie the iconography off suits and tailoring runs throughout and this is frequently used throughout the piece to show power and roles within the agency. The use of suits could also be linked to the stereotypical gender representations of men which therefore allows the audience to clearly link the character with the stereotypes of suited men contrary to Laura Mulveys theory on the male gaze as women are not seen to be objectified within the film neither are they presented in a derogatory manor. 

Props in Kingsman
Props are also heavily used throughout. Most noticeably the props of guns and weaponry is seen throughout, the use of these has connotations of violence or possibly skill in the way in which they are used by some of the characters. Gadgets are also used as props throughout and are valuable in representing the characters and their purpose. Furthermore, this supports 'Props' theory of stock characters devised in 1928 that states that stock characters are used to provide familiarity for audiences this is because these props apply to the stereotypical spy character.

Micro Production Techniques
Mise-en-scene - what is include, relate to meaning
Camerawork - key three scenes
Editing - Same key scenes
Sound - effect and impact

Create Macro meaning
Genre
Narrative + story
Representations and characters

1. POINT
2. DATA/EVIDENCE
3. MEANING

Camera Work

Shot types -  Establishing shot, close up, medium closeup, extreme close up, long shot, medium longshot, wideshot, medium shot, two shot, ots (over the shoulder), crowd shot.

Angles - High/low, canted angle,

Composition - Rule of thirds, shallow/ deep depth of field,  

Movements - Tracking shot(track forward, track backwards, side), panning shot, jib/crane shot, handheld shot, tilt shot, zoom.

Camera work in kingsman

Within the car chase scene a tracking shot is used to show continuous action/ motion in the scene as it closely follows the police car, the camera also keeps this subject in the frame throughout the scene this composition results in the audience’s attention always being on the action making it more engaging. The police chase/car is also used to clearly reinforce to the viewer the genre and narrative of the film in the first few scenes and can also be seen to link to the key theory of narrative codes devised by Roland Barthes (1997) as the tracking shot is seen to act as an action code to inform the audience in terms of what is happening in the next shot/ scene.

Editing

Continuity (Invisible) - Action match, shot reverse shot, insert shot, eye line match, cross cutting. 

Non - Continuity (Notice)  - Flash back, flash forward, montage

Editing in Kingsman

Within the film a sense of disequilibrium is emulated through the use of several action matches. This form of continuity editing is evident in the violent and brutal church fight scene where a handheld shot combined with the action match connotes as sense of confusion and again enforces the idea of disequilibrium. Consequently, this can be seen to appeal to Tsvetan Todorovs (1977) theory of there being several stages of equilibrium and disequilibrium throughout a text often resulting in the order being restored in the end.

Sound
Diegetic (Appears to come from diegis/ story world) - Foley sounds/ sfx, ambient sound, off screen sound, dialogue - mode of address, accent, tone, dialect, can be music from tv/radio
Non - Diegetic (Added to create emotive effect)  - Incidental music, narration, theme music, sound motif (sound bridge [editing] continuity editing technique - sound across a series of shots.)

Sound in Kingsman
In the film sound is skillfully used, most noticably the diegtic dialogue is used to represent the characters and their persona. The protagonist is seen to be of a higher, more sophisticated class due to the accent, tone and dialect used.

LO2: Advertising

Ways of advertising film products:
Theatrical trailers - Trailers before films apeal to specific demographic/ target audiance.
Billboards
Endorsement
Radio adverts
TV trailer
Social media

revision

- 5 points of regulation for the BBFC
Strong threat and horror
Must not endorse discriminatory behaviour
May be strong language
No restraints on nudity in non sexual context
Drugs may be shown not endorsed

intro
5 points/para

The film i have chosen to study is the 2014 action, adventure, comedy text 'Kingsman: The Secret Service'.  

LO4: Audience Research

Starter:

RAJAR - Radio Joint Audience Research
NRS - National readership survey
BARB - Broadcasters audience research board

Section A
Analyse the data collected by the organisations.

LO6: Starter

Starter:
1) Passive and active audiences
2) Hypodermic syringe theory, uses and gratifications, encoding/ decoding - audience background and individual experience plays a part on how they read a text.
3) GTA 5 etc

BBFC - British board film classification
Provides age rating or certificate/ protects the public from violent or inappropriate content.
Used to be called British Board of Film Censors. - Blocking/ prevention = Protectionism.

Changed its name in 1984 - From early 80's home video was present, video recording act (1984) brought in to prevent/reduce  'video nasties' 

Passive/ Active audience theory LO6

The main point of the article is that the bbfc has incorrectly given the Dark Night Rises a 12A film certificate apposed to a 15.
I agree with this as within the film there is heavy use of dark themes which are not seen to be suitable for younger audiences in addition to the sadistic nature of the protagonist portrayed in the film.

Passive audience theory
Hypodermic syringe theory - implies that media has a negative impact. Mass audiences  believe everything they see/hear (Adorno and Horkheimer). Started the rise of consumerism.
The model does not hold much positivity for the audience, however its is a good method for media producer, politicians and also towards the use of marketing.
1957 vance packard 'hidden pursuaders' book

When the 'mass media' demonise groups, people or products that they believe become a threat to society, values and interests it is called a 'moral panic' (Stanley Cohen 1972)
The group/ products are refereed to as 'folk devils'

Violence in the media?
Anderson (2007) that high exposure to fast paced violent games can lead to changes in brain function when processing violent images, including dampening of emotional responses to violence. This is known as desensitisation.
Ferguson (2012) showed no long term link over three years.

Media which affects society
Facebook results in:

Comparing yourself to your Facebook friends is depressing

Your mood is affected by what your Facebook friends post 

Lurking or feeling ostracized on Facebook hurts your self esteem 

Breaking Bad - Blamed for drug use and anti social behaviour
GTA 5 -  Banned in thailand/ violent attacks.
Marlyn Manson - Violent music inspired violent attacks/ blamed for social deviance.

Representation
Who is being represented?
All representations are mediated (Hall, 1980)

Is there use of stereotypes/ counter types (perkins, 1979) Not all stereotypes are negative.
Representations of women - Are they objectified (Mulvey 1975)
Representations of men ( Earp and Katz, 1999)
Representations of gay people (Butler, 1993) - are they stereotypical.

Alvardo (1987,  Hall (1995) - ethnicity, exotic, dangerous, humorous pited.
Turton (2014) - Youth are seen as hooligans, trouble causers, black and Asian boys.
Llyod (1995) girls as double deviant- trouble causers but shouldn't be because they are women.



Kingsman - The film was criticised for the church fight scene which featured a large amount of senseless violence.

So perhaps you did have fun seeing Colin Firth dispatch a church full of racist, anti-semitic, abortion-damning, atheist-scorning, potentially inbred humans who just happened to be Christians too. And perhaps you felt wrong about feeling that way when the last body hit the floor. (http://www.flicks.co.nz/blog/a-man-of-100-words/does-the-church-scene-in-kingsman-cross-the-line)

Active Audiance theory
Other school of thought - we are able to filter and adapt to content in media (Gauntlett, 1995)
We have uses and gratifications(McQuai, 1972) theory - people use media for their own purposes?
Provides a more positive outlook on the effects of media.

Hall (1980) encoding/ decoding model
Preferred reading - by audience depending on their background but accepts the dominant viewpoint/ story.
Negotiated reading - partially agrees with meaning
Oppositional reading - meaning understood but don't agree and think opposite.
Aberrant - gets the completely wrong meaning entirely.

https://yougov.co.uk/opi/browse/Kingsman_The_Secret_Service

LO4 Understand the target audiences of media products + Audience Theory

LO4 Understand the target audiences of media products + Audience Theory

Starter:
Demographic - Specific characteristics or variables of a target audience eg. age, gender etc.
Conglomerate - A company that owns subsidiaries.
Horizontal integration - A conglomerate can market a media product through its subsidiaries.
Audience - The people who view a media product.
Independent - A company that's not owned by a conglomerate or own subsidiaries. Often only works in one sector.
Niche - A small specific target audience/ specific small demographic.
Mass - A large/ mainstream target audience.

John Hartley (1987)
All media products have 'invisible fictions' before they are made.

Ien Ang (1991)
All media producers have 'imaginary entities' in mind before there production.

LO4: Uses and gratifications theory

Denis McQuail (1972) - Uses and gratifications theory
There are four reasons why people consume or gain pleasure from media products.

1. Surveillance - To find information about the world. Eg. documentaries
2. Escapism - Escape to a fantasy world/ ideal self/ break from reality.
3. Building personal identity - Shaping yourself/ personality based on the fictional characters/ used a role models.
4. Building personal relationships - Which means a media product provides a topic of conversation.

Kingsman offers the gratification of escapism as it provides a life which is not seen by many whilst also being heavily exaggerated for dramatic effect. This is because the themes of spy's is seen throughout and this is not seen regularly in the public eye consequently resulting in a natural intrigue and air of suspicion allowing them to escape from reality and have an insight into the life.

Kingsman Audience

Kingsman
Age: The age range for kingsman is aimed at 12 - 60, this is because the film is entertaining and has both comedic and action scenes therefore making it appeal to a larger audience. Additionally, this would appeal to older audience as it has nostalgic aspects due to it sharing similar themes to that of older spy movies.

Gender: The majority audience for this film is largely male dominated (60/40 split), this is because within the film there is heavy use of guns, violence and actions scenes which is often synonymous with this demographic.

Social grade: 60% ABC1

LO4 Understand the target audiance of media

1) What is audience research and how can it be conducted?

Audience research is gaining data about the audience for a product which also allows a product to be targeted/ media institutions to find a gap in the market , this can be conducted through things such a surveys. Organisations such as BARB, NRS, RAJAR carry out this.

NRS - They collect audience research for print and advertising trading in Britain. The NRS collect data through grouping audience through their age, gender, income and ethnicity.

BARB - Is responsible for delivering the united kingdoms television audience measurement systems.
Cover five questions when collecting data :
Who is watching?
What are they watching?
When are they watching?
Which screen are they watching on?
How did the content get to the screen?

RAJAR - RAJAR is the official body in charge of measuring radio audiences in the UK.

Primary Research - Survey, questionnaire, interview, textual analysis.
Secondary Research - Information that you gather eg. Internet search, books/journals, newspapers, documentaries.

LO3 Theories of representation

Starter
1) Theorists which discusses gender representation: Vladimir Propp

Representation - How the media shows us things about society - but this is through careful mediation.

Kingsman Plot: The main plot follows a spy organisation which recruits a unrefined yet promising street kid into the organisations ultra competitive training program, just as a world wide threat emerges from a twisted tech genius.

KT1: Tim O'Sullivan et al (1998)
FOR representations to work, there has to be a shared recognition of people and places. All representations therefore have ideologies behind them.
Ideology refers to a set of ideas which produces partial and selective view of reality.
The partial repersentation of the current youth and possible gang culture.

KT2: Richard Dyer (1983)
Audiances should question the repersentations they see in media texts.

KT3: Laura Mulvey (1975)

Male gaze.

Women are objectifies in media texts and passive objects.

Audiances are positioned to view the women from the point of view of a hetrosexual male.

Within my chosen film there is little use of females however the sidekick styled character of the antagonist is seen to be objectified and follow this theory, this is achieved through the use of the  micro elements in the mise en scene, most noticably the costume

KT4: Stuart Hall (1995)
Western/ white cultures continue to misrepresent ethnic minorities as in the media due to underlying racist tendancies.
E.g. non white as 'the other', evil, barbaric

Edward Said (1987) -Common reprsentaion of ethnic minorities, especially affro carabian  Seen to be: Hummorous, exotic, danger ...

John Berger (1972)
'Men act and women apear'
- "Writing in 1972, Berger insisted that women were still ‘depicted in a different way to men - because the "ideal" spectator is always assumed to be male and the image of the woman is designed to flatter him’" - http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/gaze/gaze08.html

This theory is also similar to that of Laura Mulveys theory of the male gaze.

Q5 HMW

How is meaning created through the use of production techniques in a media product you have studied? (12)

 The film i have chosen to study is the 2014 action adventure, comedy title, 'Kingsman: The Secret Service'. The main plot follows a spy organisation which recruits a unrefined yet promising street kid into the organisations ultra competitive training program, just a world wide threat emerges from a twisted tech genius. These ideas and themes are reiterated throughout the piece and a large variety of production techniques were used to create this meaning.

Most noticeably the use of camera work is key in creating and portraying the story in addition to giving meaning to the text. The use of specific shot types helps create a certain mood or feel which often allows the audience to relate to a specific characters or evoke similar emotions to those seen on screen. For example the use of a high angle shot is used to seemingly look down on a character. In the my chosen text a  high angle character shot is used to show specific characters to be vulnerable and inferior whilst also demonstrating to the audience a perspective of a particular character. On the contrary a lower angle shot is often seen to make a character more powerful as a result this can make the audience feel vulnerable as they are looking up at the character all of which reinforce the meaning of the scene. Another example of a shot type which reinforces meaning is tracking shots, this is evident in the car chase scene.The tracking shot is used to show continuous action/ motion in the scene as it closely follows the police car, the camera also keeps this subject in the frame throughout the scene this composition results in the audience’s attention always being on the action making it more engaging. The police chase/car is also used to clearly reinforce to the viewer the genre and narrative of the film in the first few scenes. Similarly, this same iconography is seen throughout the remainder of the film.

Similarly, the use of sound is also important. Throughout my chosen film sound is used throughout with varying reason. Dependent on the type of sounds used it can convey a certain mood or feeling to the audience. Most commonly diagetic sounds are seen in the film these include things such as ambient sound which refers to any sound that is used to establish a location this often clearly adds context for the viewer of the scene or what may happen. Other diagetic sounds include things such as foley sounds which can often be added later in post production and dialogue which is used to authenticate the speaker as an individual due to things such as tone, accent and dialect.

On the other hand, non diagetic sounds are frequently used also which are the sounds when the source is not visible on screen and is clearly not coming from the story world. Examples of this include sound bridges which lead in and out a scene, incidental music which is music composed in a film or to play as a background to create or enhance a particular atmosphere this is also often can be used to foreshadow future events. As a whole throughout the piece sounds are used to create a certain mood and atmosphere which allows the audience to relate or evoke strong emotions to the piece.

Another way in which meaning is clearly created within my text is through the editing techniques used. Due to the nature of my chosen film and the genre of a action adventure the editing techniques are crucial in portraying this to the viewer. Editing is key in creating meaning as the techniques used represent the feeling, emotions and purpose of the scene. Most frequently techniques such as action matches and cross cutting are used. An action match is often used to show continuous motion through shots therefore keeping the audinace engaged and in suspense, where as cross cutting is often used to show parallel action and shows locations as well as leading the audience into the narrative.

As a whole three main techniques are used to reinforce the meaning of the text and the narrative behind it. These include micro elements such as shot type and sounds in addition to things such as editing techniques and the mise en scene used. All of which were used and chosen effectively within the film 'The Kingsman' to clearly emulate the directors intentions and the narrative as a whole.

Unit 1 Genre and Narrative Revision

It is important to be able to identify a genre of a media product as it allows audiences to chose a media product which is suited to them and there preferred conventions of a film.

Narrative can be structured in several different ways for example: linear and non linear,

LO1: Production Process and Job Roles

Key Personnel- Director, producer, script write, camera operator, audio engineer, editor, actors, crew,

Key Personnel in Kingsman

Pre Production
Most importantly the key personnel of costume designers and stylists are key as the costume plays a large role in the portrayal of the characters and their attitudes. Similarly, the writers are also important as they create the narrative which the production crew bring to reality through the cinematics.
Production
The key personnel are important throughout the production stage as they create the story and produce the content needed for the editing and post production. These personnel include people such as the camera and boom operators, actors, lighting technicians etc.
Post Production
In my chosen film most noticeably the cgi artists and special effects editors are important in post production as this film features a large variety of cgi throughout from gun shots to blood and gore.

Advertising

Pre 2000 - Web 1.0 web pages not interactive.

2000 - Broadband technology- meant faster download speeds and allowed content to be delivered to audiences.

Web 2.0 - O'Reily (2004)  Interactive, video on demand services eg youtube (2005), material content is interactive.

Digital methods are in existence because of technological convergence.

Technological convergence - Technologies coming together to provide a new service. Eg: Mobile

Above the line advertsing methods target mass audiacnes eg. trailers, premieres, reviews, posters

Below the line advertising methods target individuals eg. Social meida (instagram updates etc), competitions,

LO3 Narrative Theory

Story is the plot (sequence of events).

Narrative is how its structured (techniques used to tell the story).

Plot - Kingsman:

A spy organisation recruits an unrefined, nut promising street kid into the agency's ultra- competitive training program. just as a global threat emerges from a twisted tech genius.

Source: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2802144/plotsummary

Key theories

KT 1: Tim O'Sullivan et al (1998)

All media texts tell us some kind of story. Through care full mediation, media texts offer a way of telling stories about ourselves - these are ideologies.

Wider meanings/ ideologies in chosen film - The idea that family and friendship is important in addition to themes of avengence and good conquering evil.

KT 2: Pam Cook (1985)

The standard Hollywood narrative structure should have:

• "Linearity of cause and effect within an overall trajectory of enigma resolution"
• A high degree of narrative closure.
• A fictional world that contains verisimilitude especially governed by spatial and temporal coherence.

Enigma in film - The enigma resolution within my chosen film is that the twisted evil character is overthrown and that he is no longer in control or posses any power.

KT3: Tsvetan Todorov (1977)

• Stage 1: A point of stable equilibrium
• Stage 2: This stability is disrupted by some kind of force, which creates a state of disequilibrium.
• Stage 3: Action directed against the disruption
• Stage 4: Restoration of a state of new equilibrium

In my chosen film it is seen to follow this theory as throughout the film all four stages are represented and as result in the penultimate scenes the antagonist is seen to be defeated and a new state of equilibrium is formed.

KT4:  Claude Levi-Strauss (1958)

Binary opposites - eg: good versus evil

Binary opposites in film - The most prevalent binary opposition is that of class. The two main protagonist diametrically oppose each other with regards to class, one is seen to be upper class and regal where as the other is portrayed to be from and working class family.

KT5: Vladimir Propp (1928)

All narratives feature stock characters and that audiences understood stories because of such features.

• Villain/ antagonist
• Hero/ protagonist
• Helper/ supporter (sidekick)
• Princess (the prize for the hero - not necessarily a person)
• One that is rescued/ saved/ helped

Character types in film - Throughout my chosen film the most prevalent character types are that of both an antagonist and protagonist which are in a battle against each other. Furthermore, both of these character types are seen to also have a helper/ supporter throughout the text.

KT6: Roland Barthes (1997)

Narrative codes:

Enigma codes work to keep up setting problems or puzzles for audience.

Action codes work inform the audience in terms of what is happening in the next shot/ scene .

Action Code example:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJQggH7S7wc (1:37)

The knock on the door informs the audience as too the entrance of a new unknown character.

LO3 KTA 4: Camera Work Feedback

KTA 4: LO4 Camera Work

KTA 5: Genre Analysis Feedback

LO3: Genre Theory

Genre Theory

Genre: A type or category of a film
For example: horror, Sci-Fi, adventure, action, crime, drama, romantic, comedy, fantasy, thriller, social realism.
     *Things such as Comedy are a treatment, eg: rom-com etc*

Exam Questions
6* Analyse how the production techniques used create meaning in a media product you have studied. (12)     Micro -  Macro
6* Analyse the concepts of 'genre' and 'repersentation' in a media product you have studied. (12)     Macro - Micro

Genre helps divide texts into category's based on common elements. these common elements are called generic conventions/ characteristics/ elements or tropes.

The genre of my chosen film is crime/ science fiction/comedy.This is evident in the still below:

Genres can often be further sub dived into more specific genre niches. Sub Genres include things such as a slasher, zombie, hammer, gothic for the horror genre for example.

Barry Kieth Grant - 1995

Suggested that all genres have sub genres. Divided into more specific categorys that allow audiance to identify them specifcally by there genric elements.

 - The possible sub genre of my movie could be zombie thriller as throughout many characters are often seen in a zombie like state with little controll over themselves. However, i feel that this movie is more of a hybrid genre of both crime and science fiction.

Patrick Phillips - (1996)

Suggested genre offers audiacnes 'comfortable reassurance'. Genres fulfil audiance expectations following predictabel patterns, we know what to expect from the text.

The film ive chosen reinforces/ provides familialarity for an audiance as it makes clear use of both an antagonist and protagonist which is synonomus with the crime genre.

Branston and Stafford - (1999)

Genre:

• Help minimise risk and predict ecpenditure, can plan when to release a film
• Are blueprint for success
• Genre conventions also make it easier to market and sell products to audiances

My film was succesfull as in its marketing etc it clearly deinfined the genre with things such as props and location and was also seen to be something new for this genre possibly resulting in intrigue and increased views.

What audiances like about partiular genres other than familiarity, specfic actors (typecast actor- actor plays same genre throughout career, genre offers emotion.

Rick Altman - (1999)Genre offfers pleasures - Emotional pleasures (happy, sad, nostalgic), visceral pleasures (gut responses, excitment, fear etc), intellectual puzzles (makes the audiacne think)/enigma.

The genre of my film offers both emotional pleasures of shock and happyness for example the scene when one of the main characters is seemingly executed would evoke strong emotions within the audiance whilst also viseral pleasures such as fear and excitment are also developed through the use of fast tracking and crane shots throuhgut the action sequences.

David Bordwell - (1989)

'Any theme may appear in any genre' Theme = the ideas, ideologies, concepts, myths, etc. that are encoded into a media text.

I agree with this statement as there are many ideologies which are prevalent in not just a single genre type but are seen in various genres with varying presence. For example in the Kingsman the theme of evil and villans or good vs evil are seen which conforms to the crime genre however antagonists are also frequently scene in other genres such as actions and thrillers.

KTA 5: Genre Analysis

KTA 5

Intro define genre + film

Key theory 1      can backup or challenge, key examples to support       

Key theory 2    

Key theory 3

Key theory 4

Key theory 5

Conclusive Statment

analyse the concept of genre in the film you have sudued
use examples to support (particulary want to see the editing and sound technique to support ideas..)

Micro Elements - Sound

Starter: Sound is important in creating meaning for the audience as it gives an insight into what is happening around characters and is often used to emphasise a point or possibly foreshadow future events etc.

Diegesis - Is the narrative construct that everything takes place in, it is the 'story world/ the world that film/ tv program takes place in.'
How real the diegesis appears is linked to the level of verisimilitude ( which means the appearance of being it self.)

Diagetic sounds are from noises that are happening from within the diegesis (the story world)
EG dialogue, sfx, foley sounds such as foot steps. -These can be added during production and in post and are planned carefully in pre production.
    -Dialogue authenticates the speaker as an individual due to things such as tone, accent and dialect.
  Accent - Way you pronounce words- Location
  Dialect - The words you use - Location
  Tone - How you talk eg happy angry- intonation
  Mode of address - Formal/informal    Peer to peer eg radio, teach to pupil eg magazine,

Southern accent: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svuPbOHWF-M - Only fools and horses
Northen Accent

Syncgronous sounds are sounds which are synchronised or matched with what is viewed. Eg footsteps or movement.This contributes to the realism of the film and also help create a specific atmosphere.

Ambient sound refers to any sounds that are to establish location.Eg: In a park birds and for a city car noises etc.


Non Diagetic sound is when the soucrce is not visable on screen and is clearly not coming from the story world.

Sounds bridges lead in or out of a scene. Sound brudges are one of the most common transitions in continuity edidting.non diagetic to diagetic.

Incidental music is music composed in a film or play as a background to create or enhance a particular atmosphere, also gives forshadows. Eg:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IoatiXYa11Q 007 Spectre

Stings are used as a distinctive background music to add emphasis to an important moment in motion picture or television program. Can be used to introduce or end a scene.

The sound motifs condition the audiance emotionally for the arrival or actions of a character. eg darth vader intro music.

KTA 3: LO3 Mise en scene Feedback

KTA 2: LO2 Marketing Task Feedback

Starter - Editing Techniques

Shot reverse shot - Conversations, ots(over the shoulder) or mcu (medium close up),
Action Match - Continuous action through shots,
Cross Cutting (parallel action) - Locations, leads the audiance into the narrative.
Insert Shot - CU (Close Up), Information,
Eye line match - Trys to keep continuity of angle/ level to make it more engaging, a special type of shot reverse shot also.

Cross Disolve: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqQfj25aglc
Wipe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EuGtgmTEmk0
Fade:

KTA 3: LO3 Mise en scene

KTA 2: LO2 Marketing

Update

Lesson 2: Starter Task

KTA 1: LO1 conglomertae vs independant feedback sheet

Mise en scene

Lesson 1 - Media Sectors